Black mould growth on walls and ceiling near window with blinds

The Cold Truth

Living in cold, damp and mouldy conditions can result in damage to homes, financial strain and cause serious health problems.

Our new research* has revealed the harsh realities of living in fuel poverty and poor housing conditions across the UK, with people enduring cold, damp homes for an average of five years. These conditions can result in respiratory illnesses, mental health issues and financial strain for many households across the country.

With the cost-of-living still high, many households are struggling to keep their homes warm. Around 30% of people are turning their heating down to uncomfortable levels to save money, which can lead to damp and mould problems.

Nearly all affected UK residents living in cold, damp homes in the UK are struggling financially, with 93% saying their situation has worsened and four in five (81%) are worried about how they’ll keep warm this winter.

The stark data behind the UK’s housing crisis

Nearly two-thirds (63%) of people living in damp conditions report severe mould

64% of those living in damp homes for more than two years are experiencing respiratory issues

30% say the damp has worsened over the last year and many have spent money on mould treatments (38%)

Almost a third (30%) have turned their heating down to uncomfortable levels to stop their energy bills spiralling.

62% are struggling to wash and dry their clothes at home

For those living in social housing, 73% have been living in damp homes for more than two years.

The research also sheds light on the impact of living in a cold and damp home, with many reporting a musty smell (41%), poor quality sleep (33%), needing to sleep with extra clothing layers (32%), the impact on their mental health (29%), the worry about their children’s health (27%) and the impact on their physical health (25%).

The stigma and stress of fuel poverty, damp and mouldy homes have left many people (43%) feeling isolated, while many feel anxious (64%) and helpless (57%) about their circumstances.

Phil Burrows, Cadent’s Head of Customer Vulnerability and Social Purpose said:

The findings of our research are shocking, but they are also a call to action. Safe, warm housing isn’t a privilege, it’s a fundamental right. With rising energy costs exacerbating fuel poverty, families are being pushed into unsafe living conditions where damp and mould thrive.

Through initiatives like our Warm Wash Centres and training programmes, we’re committed to helping families across the UK reclaim their homes, their health, and their dignity.

Jo Campbell, Headteacher at Kirkdale Primary School in Liverpool, said: Fuel poverty is having a devastating impact on some of our families. We see children coming into school in damp or incomplete uniforms because parents can’t afford to heat their homes or dry clothes overnight. In some cases, families are living in overcrowded, cold houses where mould is growing, and children are suffering with asthma and respiratory issues.

We’re taking action to tackle damp and mould head-on.

In response to the new data, we’re working to provide urgent support to over 50,000 households facing fuel poverty and problems with damp and mould, including:

Warm Wash Centres: We’re opening centres in 10 of the UK’s most deprived areas, starting in Liverpool, Birmingham, Leicester and London, that offer washing and drying facilities and a warm, safe space. As well as immediate relief for those struggling in cold, damp homes, these hubs will also serve as advice centres, helping people learn about energy efficiency and gas safety so they can take practical steps to reduce their energy bills and protect their health.
Engineer training: We’ve trained a team of our engineers to spot signs of damp in homes. When they identify a problem, they’re able to connect households with our charity partners who can offer practical support and advice.
Behavioural change tips for households: We’ve teamed up with Groundwork to share simple, practical steps families can take right away to help manage cold and damp conditions. These tips are designed to make homes warmer, healthier, and more energy-efficient without adding extra cost.

Awaab’s Law: Giving tenants stronger rights for safer homes

Named after two‑year‑old Awaab Ishak, who tragically died from mould exposure, Awaab’s Law came into force on 27 October 2025. This legislation gives tenants new rights, requiring registered social landlords to take action and investigate reports of damp or mould within 10 working days, and address emergency hazards within 24 hours.

*The research was conducted by Opinion Matters, among a sample of 2,000 people in the UK, aged 16+, all of whom live in a home that is cold and damp. The data was collected between 17.09.2025. Opinion Matters abides by and employs members of the Market Research Society and follows the MRS code of conduct and ESOMAR principles. Opinion Matters is also a member of the British Polling Council.